【单选题】
He suggested transporting the supplies by air. But it is absolutely ___, for it will cost too much.
A. unusual
B. uncertain
C. impractical
D. impressive
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答案
C
解析
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The newspaper didn’t mention the ___ of the damage caused by the fire.
A. range
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Do you ___ her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
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He doesn’t ___ of buying a house this year because the bank has refused to lend him any money.
A. afford
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If you don’t ___ cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant.
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A. keep back
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Science can now ___ many things which were thought to be mysterious by ancient people.
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We can be partners for now, but ultimately you have to ___ to develop a new software for our project.
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Emotional Intelligence (情商) could be of practical use in many ___ such as how companies decide which job applicant to hire, how parents should raise their children, how schools should teach the students, and so on.
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The teacher should praise students for their correct answers and also suggest ___ possibilities.
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In some classrooms, desks are arranged in a U-shape, so the teacher can ___ easily with the students.
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Computer technology ___ individuals to educate themselves and adapt to a constantly changing job market.
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If a person simply does not care about this activity, it’s ___ impossible to get him to participate.
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Sometimes, even when the mind ___ functioning, the body keeps on working normally.
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Jeffery expressed his ___ about the health and fitness of his co-workers, but they said they didn’t want to “waste time” on an exercise bike or jogging.
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Such chemicals are indeed negatively ___ those humans to whom they are expose D.
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We regret for selling you the faulty product, and our company has agreed to ___ you by $500.
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The name of Hitler (希特勒) has always been associated with war and ___ killing in the minds of those people who lived through World War Two.
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He works hard every day to make more money, but he ___ his health, time with his family, and the hobbies he once love D.
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【单选题】
肾小管液被显著稀释的部位是___
A. 近端小管
B. 髓袢细段
C. 髓袢升支粗段
D. 远曲小管
E. 集合管
【单选题】
在尿液的浓缩和稀释中起关键作用的体液因子是___
A. 血管紧张素II
B. 血管升压素
C. 心房钠尿肽
D. 醛固酮
E. 肾素
【单选题】
抗利尿激素对肾的主要作用是___
A. 提高远曲小管和集合管对水的通透性
B. 增强髓袢升支粗段对NaCl的重吸收
C. 提高内髓部集合管对尿素的通透性
D. 促进近端小管对水的重吸收
E. 促进远端小管对钠的重吸收
【单选题】
促进血管升压素合成和分泌的最重要因素是___
A. 动脉血压降低
B. 循环血量减少
C. 血浆晶体渗透压增高
D. 血浆胶体渗透压增高
E. 情绪紧张
【单选题】
大量饮清水后引起尿量增多的主要原因是___
A. 抗利尿激素分泌减少
B. 醛固酮分泌减少
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D. 肾血流量增多
E. 肾小球滤过率增加
【单选题】
醛固酮的主要作用是___
A. 保K*排 Na*
B. 保Na*排K*
C. 保Na*保K*
D. 保K*排 H+
E. 保Na*排H*
【单选题】
机体安静情况下,对醛固酮分泌调节不起作用的因素是___
A. 高血Na*
B. 血管紧张素I
C. 促肾上腺皮质激素
D. 高血K*
E. 肾交感神经兴奋
【单选题】
可致肾素分泌增多的因素是___
A. 入球小动脉血压降低
B. 交感神经活动降低
C. 血Na*降低
D. 血K+升高
E. 致密斑活动降低
【单选题】
血浆中肾素增加时,将引起增加的是___
A. 血浆K*浓度
B. 细胞外液容积
C. 红细胞比容
D. 血浆胶体渗透压
E. 血液中H*浓度
【单选题】
肾素-血管紧张系统激活时,会减少或降低的是___
A. 尿中的Na*量
B. 尿中的K*量
C. 肾小球管的分泌功能
D. 醛固酮的分泌量
E. 血管升压素分泌量
【单选题】
利用肾清除率概念测定GFR,被清除物除能被肾小球滤过外,尚需满足的条件是___
A. 不被肾小管重吸收,但可被分泌
B. 可被肾小管重吸收,但不可被分泌
C. 不被肾小管重吸收和分泌
D. 可被肾小管重吸收和分泌, 但分泌大于重吸收
E. 可被肾小管重吸收和分泌,但重吸收大于分泌
【单选题】
某物质在肾动脉中有一定浓度,而在肾静脉中为零,其血浆清除率___
A. 等于零
B. 等于肾小球滤过率
C. 等于每分钟肾血浆流量
D. 等于每分钟肾血流量
E. 等于滤过分数
【单选题】
关于排尿反射的叙述,错误的是___
A. 初级中枢位于脊髓骶段
B. 感受器是位于膀胱壁上的牵张感受器
C. 排尿反射过程中存在负反馈
D. 盆神经受损伤后,排尿反射不能进行
E. 排尿反射受意识控制
【单选题】
腰骶部脊髓受损时,排尿功能障碍表现为___
A. 尿失禁
B. 尿频
C. 尿潴留
D. 多尿
E. 尿痛
【单选题】
少尿的定义是指尿量少于___
A. 100ml/24小时或5ml/小时
B. 400ml/24小时或17m/小时
C. 200ml/24小时或7ml/小时
D. 500ml/24小时或17ml/小时
E. 300m/24小时或15ml/小时
【单选题】
实验中发现,较难通过肾小球滤过膜的物质是___
A. 带正电荷右旋糖酐分子
B. 带负电荷右旋糖酐分子
C. 电中性的右旋糖酐分子
D. 带负电荷的无机分子
E. 带正电荷的无机分子
【单选题】
静脉滴注生理盐水引起肾小球滤过率增加是由于___
A. 肾小球毛细血管压增高
B. 囊内压下降
C. 血浆胶体渗透压增高
D. 肾血浆流量增多
E. 囊内液胶体渗透压下降
【单选题】
下列情况下,可使肾小球滤过平衡点向出球小动脉端移动的是___
A. 快速静脉注射大量生理盐水
B. 静脉注射肾上腺素
C. 发生中毒性休克
D. 发生肾盂或输尿管结石
E. 静脉注射甘露醇
【单选题】
给家兔静脉注射去甲肾上腺素后血压升高,肾小球滤过率和尿量迅速减少,该动物肾小球滤过率降低的主要原因是___
A. 肾小球毛细血管血压升高
B. 肾小囊内压升高
C. 肾小囊内液胶体渗透压降低
D. 血浆胶体渗透压降低
E. 肾血流量减少
【单选题】
患者服用碳酸酐酶抑制剂乙酰唑胺后出现尿液NaCl、水、HCO3-排出增多,以及代谢性酸中毒。分析该患者出现代谢性酸中毒原因是由于___
A. 肾小管K*-H*交换增加
B. 肾小管H*-Na*交换减弱
C. 近球小管K*重吸收增加
D. 肾小球滤过率降低
E. 肾小管Na*重吸收减少
【单选题】
某慢性低氧血症患者出现代谢性酸中毒和高钾血症,但血压正常,分析该患者血钾增高的原因是___
A. 肾小管K*-Na*交换减弱
B. 肾小管H*-K*交换增强
C. 肾小管Na*重吸收减少
D. 肾小球滤过率降低
E. 近端小管K*的吸收增加
【单选题】
患者空腹血糖11.1mmol/L(200mg/dl),尿糖阳性,多食、 多饮、多尿。患者尿量增多的原因是___
A. 肾小球滤过率增加
B. 渗透性利尿
C. 水利尿
D. 抗利尿激素 分泌减少
E. 饮水过多
【单选题】
给家兔静脉注射抗利尿激素后尿量减少,尿液渗透压增高,该动物尿量减少的主要机制是远曲小管和集合管___
A. 对水通透性增高
B. 对Na*重吸收增多
C. 对尿素重吸收增多
D. 管腔内溶质浓度降低
E. 受管腔外渗透压升高
【单选题】
大量出汗时尿量减少的最主要原因是___
A. 血浆晶体渗透压升高, 抗利尿激素分泌增加
B. 血浆晶体渗透压降低,刺激抗利尿激素分泌
C. 交感神经兴奋, 抗利尿激素分泌增加
D. 血容量减少, 肾小球滤过减少
E. 血浆胶体渗透压升高, 肾小球滤过减少
【单选题】
剧烈运动时,少尿的主要原因是___
A. 肾小球毛细血管血压增高
B. 抗利尿激素分泌增多
C. 肾小动脉收缩,肾血流量减少
D. 醛固酮分泌增多
E. 肾小管水重吸收增加
【单选题】
艾迪生病Adio dsec者,醛固制分泌明显减少,患者出现___
A. 低血钠、低血钾和轻度酸中毒
B. 高血钠、低血钾和轻度碱中毒
C. 低血钠、高血钾和轻度碱中毒
D. 低血钠、高血钾和细胞外液量增加
E. 低血钠、高血钾、轻度酸中毒和细胞外液量减少
【单选题】
高位截瘫 患者排尿障碍表现为___
A. 尿失禁
B. 尿潴留
C. 无尿
D. 尿崩症
E. 排尿困难
【单选题】
患者脊髓腰段横断外伤后 出现尿失禁,其机制是___
A. 脊髓初级 排尿中枢损伤
B. 初级排尿中枢与大脑皮质层失去联系
C. 元排尿反射传入神经受损
D. 排尿反射传出神经受损
E. 膀胱平滑肌功能障碍
【单选题】
既是重要的储能物质,又是直接的供能物质是___
A. 糖
B. 脂肪
C. 蛋白质
D. 三磷酸腺苷
E. 磷酸肌酸
【单选题】
在体内主要依靠糖的无氧酵解供能的组织细胞是___
A. 红细胞
B. 脑细胞
C. 骨骼肌
D. 平滑肌
E. 脂肪组织
【单选题】
在体内,主要用于供能的营养物质是___
A. 糖与脂肪
B. 糖与蛋白质
C. 脂肪与蛋白质
D. 脂肪与核酸
E. 糖、脂肪与蛋白质
【单选题】
机体各种功能活动所消耗的能量中,最终不能转化为体热的是___
A. 心脏泵血并推动血流流动
B. 细胞合成各种功能蛋白质
C. 兴奋在神经纤维上传导
D. 肌肉收缩对 外界物质做功折
E. 内、外分泌腺体的分泌活动
【单选题】
食物的氧热价是指___
A. 1g食物氧化时所释放的能量
B. 食物氧化消耗IL氧时所释放的能量
C. 氧化1g食物消耗IL氧时所释放的能量
D. 1g食物在体内代谢过程中所释放的能量
E. 1g 食物在体外燃烧时所产生的热量
【单选题】
关于呼吸商的叙述, 哪项是错误的___
A. 糖的呼吸商为1.00
B. 脂肪的呼吸商为0.71
C. 任何情况下,呼吸商不能大于1.0
D. 是指一定时间内呼 出的CO2量和吸入的O2量的比值
E. 从非蛋白呼吸商可以推测体内氧化的糖和脂肪量的比例
【单选题】
下列物质中,食物的特殊动力作用最强的是___
A. 糖
B. 脂肪
C. 蛋白质
D. 维生素
E. 无机盐
【单选题】
由于存在食物特殊动力作用, 进食时应注意___
A. 增加蛋白质的摄入量
B. 适当增加能量摄入总量
C. 调整各种营养 成分的摄入比例个
D. 适当减少能量摄入总量
E. 细嚼慢咽, 以减少这种特殊动力效应
【单选题】
影响能量代谢最 显著的是___
A. 肌肉活动
B. 寒冷
C. 情绪紧张
D. 进食
E. 高温
【单选题】
临床上测定能量代谢时,为了简便,通常只需测定___
A. 一定时间内的 CO2产生量
B. 食物的氧热价
C. 非蛋白呼吸商
D. 食物的营养学热价
E. 一定时间内的氧耗量
【单选题】
下列有关基础代谢率的叙述错误的是___
A. 在基础状态 下测定
B. 儿童高于成人
C. 男子高于女子
D. 反映人体最低的能量代谢水平
E. 发热时基础代谢率增高
【单选题】
下列关于体温正常变动的叙述,正确的是___
A. 体温的昼夜变化可超过1℃
B. 成年女性的体温平均高于成年男性0.3℃
C. 育龄期女性基础体温 以排卵日为最高
D. 通常成年人体温高于儿童
E. 老年人体温偏高