【单选题】
Read this pasaage and answer the five questions
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
Question1:
What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A. What role it has played in evolution.
B. To what extent it can trouble people.
C. What circumstances may trigger it.
D. In what way it can be beneficial. .
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答案
D
解析
此题为细节题。题干关键词为first-night effect,researchers, puzzling。据此定位到第二段第二句“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it”,句子大意为:(研究者的)困惑是将会从中获得什么利益、好处。可见,D选项为正确答案,“beneficial”是对原文中“benefit”的同义替换。A选项借第一段第一句“trouble sleeping”干扰,该句是first-night effect的定义,且不在定位范围内;B选项借第二段第一句“how human evolved”干扰,不是puzzle的内容; C选项借第三段第一句的“the surrounding environment”干扰,是实验相关内容,不在定位范围内。
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【单选题】
Question2:
What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A. She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B. She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C. She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
D. She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
【单选题】
在产品只计算材料成本,主要适合于___的产品。
A. 月末在产品数量较大,但各月大体相同
B. 定额资料比较完整
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D. 工资和其他费用发生比较均衡
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将上一步骤转入的半成品成本全部计入下一步骤成本计算单中的“自制半成品或“原材料”成本项目,这种成本结转方式称为___。
A. 分项结转
B. 平行结转
C. 成本还原
D. 综合结转
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甲产品由两道工序组成,采用在产品按定额成本计价法分配计算完工产品和月末在产品费用。各工序的工时定额为:第一工序32小时,第二工序12小时。第二工序在产品的累计工时定额为___。
A. 16小时
B. 38小时
C. 44小时
D. 22小时
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采用平行结转分步法,在完工产品与在产品之间分配费用,是指在___之间的费用分配。
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D. 前面步骤的完工半成品与加工中的在产品及最后步骤的产成品与加工中的在产品
【单选题】
完工产品与在产品之间分配费用,采用在产品按所耗原材料费用计价法,适用于___的产品。
A. 各月末在产品数量较大
B. 各月末在产品数量变化较大
C. 原材料费用在产品成本中比重较大
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辅助生产费用交互分配后的实际费用,再在___。
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D. 各月末在产品数量变化较大
【单选题】
在分配材料费用时,按照各种材料的定额费用比例来分配材料实际费用的方法是___。
A. 材料的定额费用比例法
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【单选题】
在分配材料费用时,按照各种材料的定额消耗量比例来分配材料实际费用的方法是___。
A. 材料的定额费用比例法
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